DICL: Database of Ion Channels and Ligands
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    • CatSper channel
    • ryanodine receptors (RyR)
    • Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNG)
    • calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa)
    • Inward-Rectifier Potassium Ion Channel (Kir)
    • Two pore potassium channel (K2P)
    • 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5HT3R)
    • Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs)
    • Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC)
    • Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (γ-GABA-ARs)
    • Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3)
    • Zinc-activated ligand-gated ion channel (ZAC)
    • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs)
    • ionotropic Glutamate receptor (i-GluRs)
    • Glycine receptor (GlyRs)
    • P2X purinoceptor (P2X)
    • Aquaporins
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    • Piezo channels
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Quickly find chemical information

Search Examples

Click examples for quick search:

Ion Channel: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3/beta-4
Value: 72000
Molecular Weight: 300.103
SMILES: C([C@H](C(=O)O)N)N
PubChem CID: 638152
DICL ID: DICL_CP_0330454

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* Cannot simply enter the species name as a search keyword!

Welcome to DICL

What is DICL?

The most comprehensive ion channels database

DICL Database Interface Overview
DICL Database Overview

Comprehensive interface for ion channel research data

Database Summary

150,208
Compounds Records
7,122
Peptides
306,895
hERGCentral
1,750
Ion Channels

The Database of Ion Channels and Ligands (DICL) represents the most extensive professional online resource dedicated to ion channels research.

Regularly Updated

Continuously curated with latest research data

Advanced Search

Search by IUPAC, structure, patents, literature

Comprehensive Data

34 data items per record including IC50, EC50, Ki, Kd

Global Coverage

1,750 ion channels from 165 different species

Each data record comprises 34 distinct items including chemical structure, biological activity, target information, and chemical/physical properties, facilitating advancements in scientific research.

Read Full Guide Explore Database

The Data of DICL

The each kind ion channel statics

Classification of Ion Channel Targets

Understanding the structural and functional diversity of ion channels

Voltage-Gated Ion Channels (VGICs)

Respond to changes in membrane potential

145+ genes Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGICs)

Activated by neurotransmitter binding

Fast synaptic Cys-loop
Other Ion Channels (OICs)

Specialized channels with unique properties

Diverse Cl⁻, H₂O, Ca²⁺
Overview of Ion Channels

Ion channels are ion-permeable pores located in the lipid membranes of all cells. They open and close in response to various stimuli, regulating the flow of specific small ions.

  1. Establish resting membrane potentials of all cells
  2. Facilitate electrolyte movements for volume regulation
  3. Act as detectors of stimuli (electrical or chemical)

Typically composed of oligomeric complexes with 3-5 homologous subunits arranged in circular symmetry.

Exceptions include ClC chloride channels (2 subunits, each forming one pore).

Classification: Ion channels are generally classified into voltage-gated, ligand-gated, and other ion channels.

Key Statistics
Mammalian Genes Over 300
Structural Families Oligomeric complexes
Evolutionary Origin Ubiquitous and ancient
Distribution All Cellular Life

Phylogenetic Tree Analysis

Voltage-gated ion channels phylogenetic tree
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Superfamily

The largest superfamily of ion channels consists of tetrameric voltage-gated cation channels and their relatives.

Key Members: Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ channels
Function: Action potentials and rapid calcium signaling
Related Families: CNG and TRP channels (weakly voltage-dependent)
Ligand-gated ion channels phylogenetic tree
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Families

Several families gated by extracellular ligands, including fast synaptic receptors.

Cysteine-loop Channels: nAChRs, GlyRs, γ-GABA-ARs, 5-HT3Rs
Glutamate Receptors: Distinct architecture with tetrameric structure
Others: P2X receptors and ENaC degenerin family
Other ion channels phylogenetic tree
Other Ion Channel Families

Channels with completely different structural properties that evolved separately.

Chloride Channels: ClC family with unique architecture
Water Channels: Aquaporins for water transport
Gap Junctions: Connexins for intercellular communication
Voltage-Gated Ion Channels (VGICs)

VGICs are one of the largest superfamilies of signal transduction proteins, selectively permeating ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

Major VGIC Families:
Na⁺ Voltage-gated Sodium Channels
Ca²⁺ Voltage-gated Calcium Channels
K⁺ Voltage-gated Potassium Channels
TRP Transient Receptor Potential
Structural Characteristics:
  • Four-fold symmetry around central axis
  • Domain-swapped architecture
  • Each repeat contains 6 transmembrane segments
  • VSD (S1-S4) and pore domain (S5-S6)
Clinical Relevance
  • Associated with neurological disorders
  • Target for cardiovascular diseases
  • ~10% of FDA-approved drugs target VGICs
  • Essential for muscle contraction
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGICs)

LGICs mediate fast synaptic transmission on a millisecond time scale, with ion flux driven by electrochemical gradients.

LGIC Families:
Cation-Selective (Excitatory)
  • Nicotinic ACh receptors
  • 5-HT₃ receptors
  • Ionotropic glutamate
  • P2X receptors
Anion-Selective (Inhibitory)
  • GABA-A receptors
  • Glycine receptors
  • Zinc-activated channels
Structural Features:
  • Pentameric (Cys-loop receptors) or tetrameric structures
  • Large extracellular ligand-binding domains
  • Fast gating (millisecond scale)
  • Multiple subunit genes enabling heteromultimers
Functional Roles
  • Fast synaptic transmission
  • Phasic and tonic neuronal regulation
  • Neuromuscular junction function
  • Sensory signal processing
Other Ion Channels

Channels that do not fit neatly into voltage-gated or ligand-gated classifications, featuring unique structural and functional properties.

Water Channels

Aquaporins for regulated water transport

Chloride Channels

ClC family with unique architecture

Gap Junctions

Connexins for intercellular communication

Included Families:
Aquaporins ClC family CFTR CaCC VRAC Connexins Pannexins Piezo channels Orai channels
Specialized Functions
  • Volume regulation
  • Osmotic balance
  • Intercellular signaling
  • Mechanosensation
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